Perceiving Object Shape from Specular Highlight Deformation, Boundary Contour Deformation, and Active Haptic Manipulation
Haptic and visual ‘contours’
It is well known that motion facilitates the visual perception of solid object shape, particularly when surface texture or other identifiable features (e.g., corners) are present. Conventional models of structure-from-motion require the presence of texture or identifiable object features in order to recover 3-D structure. Is the facilitation in 3-D shape perception similar in magnitude when surface texture is absent? On any given trial in the current experiments, participants were presented with a single randomly-selected solid object (bell pepper or randomly-shaped “glaven”) for 12 seconds and were required to indicate which of 12 (for bell peppers) or 8 (for glavens) simultaneously visible objects possessed the same shape. The initial single object’s shape was defined either by boundary contours alone (i.e., presented as a silhouette), specular highlights alone, specular highlights combined with boundary contours, or texture.
In addition, there was a haptic condition: in this condition, the participants haptically explored with both hands (but could not see) the initial single object for 12 seconds; they then performed the same shape-matching task used in the visual conditions. For both the visual and haptic conditions, motion (rotation in depth or active object manipulation) was present in half of the trials and was not present for the remaining trials. The effect of motion was quantitatively similar for all of the visual and haptic conditions– e.g., the participants’ performance in Experiment 1 was 93.5 percent higher in the motion or active haptic manipulation conditions (when compared to the static conditions). The current results demonstrate that deforming specular highlights or boundary contours facilitate 3-D shape perception as much as the motion of objects that possess texture. The current results also indicate that the improvement with motion that occurs for haptics is similar in magnitude to that which occurs for vision.
J. F. Norman, F. Phillips, J. R. Cheeseman, K. E. Thomason, C. Ronning, K. Behari, K. Kleinman, A. B. Calloway, and D. Lamirande, “Perceiving Object Shape from Specular Highlight Deformation, Boundary Contour Deformation, and Active Haptic Manipulation,” PLoS ONE, vol. 11, no. 2, p. e0149058, Feb. 2016.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149058
Haptic shape discrimination and interhemispheric communication
Touching.
In three experiments participants haptically discriminated object shape using unimanual (single hand explored two objects) and bimanual exploration (both hands were used, but each hand, left or right, explored a separate object). Such haptic exploration (one versus two hands) requires somatosensory processing in either only one or both cerebral hemispheres; previous studies related to the perception of shape/curvature found superior performance for unimanual exploration, indicating that shape comparison is more effective when only one hemisphere is utilized. The current results, obtained for naturally shaped solid objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum) and simple cylindrical surfaces demonstrate otherwise: bimanual haptic exploration can be as effective as unimanual exploration,showing that there is no necessary reduction in ability when haptic shape comparison requires interhemispheric communication.
We found that while successive bimanual exploration produced high shape discriminability, the participants’ bimanual performance deteriorated for simultaneous shape comparisons. This outcome suggests that either interhemispheric interference or the need to attend to multiple objects simultaneously reduces shape discrimination ability. The current results also reveal a significant effect of age: older adults’ shape discrimination abilities are moderately reduced relative to younger adults, regardless of how objects are manipulated (left hand only, right hand only, or bimanual exploration).
C. J. Dowell, J. F. Norman, J. R. Moment, L. M. Shain, H. F. Norman, F. Phillips, and A. M. L. Kappers, “Haptic shape discrimination and interhemispheric communication,” Sci. Rep., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–10, Dec. 2017.
DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-18691-2
Creating noisy stimuli
So much noise.
A method for creating a variety of pseudo-random `noisy’ stimuli that possess several useful statistical and phenomenal features for psychophysical experimentation is outlined. These stimuli are derived from a pseudo-periodic function known as multidimensional noise. This class of function has the desirable property that it is periodic, defined on a fixed domain, is roughly symmetric, and is stochastic, yet consistent and repeatable. The stimuli that can be created from these functions have a controllable amount of complexity and self-similarity properties that are further useful when generating naturalistic looking objects and surfaces for investigation. The paper addresses the creation and manipulation of stimuli with the use of noise, including an overview of this particular implementation. Stimuli derived from these procedures have been used successfully in several shape and surface perception experiments and are presented here for use by others and further discussion as to their utility.
F. Phillips, “Creating noisy stimuli,” Perception, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 837–854, 2004.
DOI:10.1068/p5141
Perceptual representation of visible surfaces
What is a surface, anyway?
Two experiments are reported in which we examined the ability of observers to identify landmarks on surfaces from different vantage points. In Experiment 1, observers were asked to mark the local maxima and minima of surface depth, whereas in Experiment 2, they were asked to mark the ridges and valleys on a surface. In both experiments, the marked locations were consistent across different observers and remained reliably stable over different viewing directions. These findings indicate that randomly generated smooth surface patches contain perceptually salient landmarks that have a high degree of viewpoint invariance. Implications of these findings are considered for the recognition of smooth surface patches and for the depiction of such surfaces in line drawings.
Includes a handy differential geometry tutorial appendix.
F. Phillips, J. T. Todd, J. J. Koenderink, and A. M. L. Kappers, “Perceptual representation of visible surfaces,” Percept Psychophys, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 747–762, Jul. 2003.
DOI:10.3758/BF03194811
Complicated sports and movie watching
While I was on sabbatical in Gießen I was thrilled to have super (über?) fast internet and a nice television.
Unfortunately for me, the good folks at Apple / Netflix / HBO / etc, don’t want people in other countries to be able to easily access American™ feeds (and vice-versa of course, and I dig the whole ‘licensing’ thing, etc. Still, I paid for it and it would be nice to be able to access things I pay for when I am in places other than my usual places.)
So, what to do? Basically, set up a server back in America™, VPN into that thing, then try my best to convince the AppleTV in my apartment to access that feed. Turns out, this was more complicated than you’d think, since the AppleTV does bits of voodoo so that, even though it was connected to a VPN back in Saratoga, it still ‘knew’ it was in Germany. So basically my approaches involved various iOS devices, screen sharing, and voodoo strategies.
My first iteration looked like this:
(Note that I had improperly drawn the flag of Germany but unfortunately made it the flag of Belgium. I’m pretty sure they get that all the time… I erased it here.)
I wanted to watch Arsenal and, sure enough, whatever sport network my apartment building had was not really that ‘diverse’ in the sporting sense, so that’s how I did it. It was ridiculous.
So, to make it even more ridiculous, I went with version 2 here-
This required internet sharing on the laptop, hard wiring the AppleTV and using screen sharing only.
I’m sure neither of these work anymore, but found these Paper drawings I made to remind myself, and thought I should re-visit my insanity.
Gromitcam – in stereo
Back in 1997 I made a stereo webcam for keeping track of my dog, Gromit.
I was rolling through some archives and found an image from January 1998. It used two Logitech golf-ball cams and a bunch of ad hoc software. Pushed the frames to my machine at OSU Vision Laboratory. I’ll see if I can find some photos of the rig, but, I dare say it was one of the first stereo webcams ever. (Update: found some)
You can take the boy out of architecture school
This is a rodent enclosure for behavioral experiments.
We printed the main cage, post retainers and lid with ABS from our uPrint and the ‘stay off the roof’ roof with our Formlabs in a nice, slick durable resin. There are 4 of these babies in Hassan’s lab, in our awesome 80/20 observation cages. All parametrically designed with OpenSCAD.
Testre le embed das iframe
This is a test of an embedded iframe of fun and joy.
Please excuse anything annoying.
[advanced_iframe securitykey=”c8f174978f95886638babe6f19ad6e691566779b” src=”https://www.wolframcloud.com/objects/daf49e5e-2e03-4c1e-b1c4-b5750bbd5fdc?_view=frameless” width=”100%” height=”600″]
Most sincerely.
Bouncing Balls
A phase-space plot of height v. exaggeration for two different types of balls with two different coefficients of restitution.
Nothing important here, just a fun looking plot.
Fencing Eyetracking Data
A while back, we did a nice study on eye movements during fencing.
This is a figure from one of the posters, we should finish this and publish it some day. Should do a lot of things.
